# 2.2 Current Gaps and Industry Limitations

Despite strong narratives, today’s RWA sector faces structural issues:

* Absence of a unified abstraction layer: Most projects rely on custom contracts, preventing cross-asset interoperability. RWAs remain isolated “closed islands.”\ <br>
* Retail exclusion: Products focus on institutions; retail users require accreditation or intermediaries, suppressing grassroots network effects.\ <br>
* Fragmented liquidity: Tokenized assets often lack integration with DeFi primitives (DEX, lending, derivatives). Price discovery and capital efficiency remain constrained.\ <br>

Regulatory friction: RWAs involve securities, debt, and property rights, all subject to varying legal frameworks. Lack of user-friendly compliance pathways hinders cross-border adoption.


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